1. Global Warming
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1. Global Warming¶
So what is global warming? Global warming is the increasing temperatures of the Earth’s surface caused by human greenhouse gas emissions [source]. It has been identified as the biggest threat modern humans have ever faced [source] and therefore countries of the world agreed in Paris in 2015 to limit the global warming to well below 2 degrees Celsius, preferably at 1.5 degrees Celsius [source].
Data¶
The data source used to measure the global warming is the Earth Surface Temperature Data found on Kaggle.com. It is quite unfortunate that the data is only readily available up until 2012 since out of the 10 hottest years ever recorded, 8 of them were between 2012 and 2021 [source].
Secondly CO2 emission data from OurWorldInData.org is used on this and the following pages.
Global temperature¶
Let’s start with visualising the average temperatures over the years. Whenever you’re ready, you can start the animation below. We also invite you to hover over individual countries with your mouse and/or drag back and forth in the years. To display patterns in change of temperature - and not just warm vs cold countries - the plot below demonstrates the temperature changes from the median temperature of each country.
It seems to be the case that the very recent years are hotter than normal. However this pattern might not be as clear as one might expect. So let’s average the data across countries to see if we can find a clearer indication of global warming. Temperatures are averaged relative to country sizes.
Now we see a clear trend: The global temperature is increasing.
But hey! Does that have anything to do with us humans? Well… Let’s have a look.
Global temperature vs cumulated CO2 emissions¶
Now compared to our CO2 emissions there is a clear increasing trend. The more CO2 we emit, the warmer it gets. If you hover over the linear fit, you will see that according to the fit:
Every time we emit 1 trillion tons of CO2 the global temperature increases with 0.95 (°C)
The next page will dive deeper into who is behind the CO2 emissions.